Lymphedema
Understanding Lymphedema (Arm Swelling)
Lymphedema (LIM-fuh-DEE-muh) is the buildup of lymph fluid that causes swelling, most commonly in the arms or legs. It can result from cancer itself or from cancer treatments like surgery or radiation. Some cases of lymphedema are temporary and mild, while others develop long after treatment and can be more severe or painful.
People treated for breast cancer are at greater risk, especially if they’ve had a lymph node dissection, sentinel node evaluation, or radiation therapy. Because lymphedema can develop months—or even years—after treatment, it’s important to be aware of your body and talk to your doctor or physical therapist if you notice any new symptoms.
Know the Signs of Lymphedema
These symptoms may indicate early lymphedema and are easier to manage when addressed right away. Call your care team promptly if you experience:
- Swelling of the arm or hand on the same side as your surgery
- Tightness in your sleeve, watch, or jewelry on that side
- A heavy or achy feeling in your arm or hand
Talk with Your Care Team About Managing Lymphedema
Your care team can guide you in identifying or relieving lymphedema symptoms. Use the topics below to start the conversation and to understand the strategies your team may recommend:
Skin Health and Hygiene
- Keep the affected area clean and moisturized to reduce the risk of infection.
- Apply lotion daily to prevent dryness and cracking
Treatment Options for Lymphedema
- Elevating the arm or leg above your heart may ease swelling.
- Manual lymphatic drainage—a special type of massage—can help move fluid.
- Compression garments or bandages may support fluid drainage.
- A physical therapist who specializes in lymphedema can design a personalized care plan.
- If infection is causing or worsening lymphedema, antibiotics may be needed.
- There are some surgical procedures which may help treat lymphedema. These procedures are generally performed by reconstructive surgeons.
Exercise and Movement
- Gentle movement can help your body drain lymph fluid.
- Your team can recommend specific exercises and let you know which activities to avoid.
- Visit our Exercise Page for more details.
Symptom Control
While no single method guarantees prevention, these daily strategies may help minimize your risk:
Monitor for Changes: Watch for redness, pain, heat, or fever; signs of infection. Report any new or worsening swelling.
Protect the Skin: Clean and moisturize the skin near your surgical site. Use gloves when gardening, cooking, or cleaning. Use an electric razor and avoid cutting cuticles
Lifestyle Tips
- Avoid tight jewelry, clothing, or elastic bands on the affected area
- Keep the arm or leg elevated when possible
- Wear loose-fitting clothing and supportive footwear
- Eat a well-balanced, protein-rich, low-salt diet. See the Nutrition page for more tips and suggestions.
- Keep all regular follow-up appointments
Activity Modifications
- Avoid lifting heavy objects with the affected arm
- Never carry heavy bags using a shoulder strap
- Don’t use the affected limb to test water temperature
- Avoid extreme hot or cold temperatures from baths, heating pads, or ice packs
- Get more recommendations on staying safe and comfortable while exercising.
Special Considerations
Airplane Travel
Saunas and Hot Tubs
Blood Draws, Needles, and Blood Pressure
When to Call for Help
Contact your doctor if:
- Your swelling gets worse or starts interfering with daily activities
- You notice signs of infection: redness, pain, heat, or fever
